Jammer Awareness Teach stopping techniques of t-stopping and snow plow stopping. April 2014. Get the book now and turn your team into Champions. The size of the wall can vary depending on how many skaters you have, but aim for 3-4 blockers per team. The latter may be better if there are a lot of skill differences. The groupstarts skating at pack pace and then a whistle is blown to release the wolf. The person pushing will do so with the right hand only on the small of the back of their partner. Meta 2023 Connect with Roller Derby 101: The Fresh Meat Training Manual on Facebook Log In or Create new account Get the skaters to line up in front of the jam line, except the jammer who lines up behind. If the defense takes the puck away, or the puck goes out of bounds 2 times during the game the defense wins and is awarded a shot on net. Equipment: Cones Learn the 3 key ingredients to stronger plow stops, and 6 simple moves that will help you stop on a dime. Skateto the first cone, STOP, return to the beginning cone, STOP, skate to the second cone, STOP, skate back to the beginning, STOP, etc. You are more effective working as a team. If I come up with some brilliant drill that I want to share on the blog, I will let you know in the additional notes section of the post that it was my own brain-child, but by posting drills that Ive learned along the way in my years of playing roller derby I am in no way trying to take credit for other peoples hard work. I think there are so many aspects to practicing offense, it's difficult to isolate. Skill Level: Intermediate Target = Hip flexors4. About 30 seconds to a minute in, another whistle releases the offense. When we found ourselves in an offensive power jam, our blockers lined up on the outside of the track, slowing down the pack and leaving the track clear for the jammer to put pressure on the opposing wall. These are not fun, but my old coach implemented them when my team was struggling with 180 toe stopping. The coach stands behind the basket and on the baseline with a ball in his hands. Juke-spinning, a popular WFTDA champs pastime. A resource for derby coaches to make spaces safe and inclusive for marginalized folks. Usually skaters start inside the track boundaries, but able to skate in either direction. The faster they skate, the more strength they will need to stop quickly but in this position, A can use small shifts in hip angle and weight distribution to fine-tune the quickness and direction of each stop. Improves: Footwork, General Skills, Crossovers, Jumping, Form We practice attacking different points of the pack. To conclude, here is my nerdy pledge to y'all: keep consistent formatting to make the blog as easy to use as possible, permission to post a drill if I know who to ask permission from, give credit when I know who to give credit to, update former blog posts when new information about them comes to light (i.e. Clubbing With jammer (pushing with resistance, just going through not around) Recoiling when the jammer is coming towards you then slamming back into their armpit or sturnham (depending on their relative size). Backwards Skating Games And next practice, we'd switch up jammers with the "companies" so everyone could learn about our edge jammers and our push through jammers. Reset the pack and switch the teams at the end of every 90 seconds or when the jammer and pivot have both broke on a scoring pass. Referee The drill can be run for a distance (full lap/from one end of the rink to the other) or time (1 minute). Skill Level: All Place 3 tape lines (-) across the other straightaway, spaced out, and everyone must jump over the lines while skating. Glide is possibly the wrong word to use here as it could imply a slow movement, where as in reality this glide is fast paced. When the players get up close and personal, everybody will be able to see who wants to win the most. Skill Level: All Improves: Footwork, General Skills, Form Start in a pack (the sheep) and before everyonebegins skating, they mustcloses their eyes and a coach or someone outside the packchooses a wolf. Partner up with one skater in front and the other lined up behind. Use your shoulder in a downward twist and snap motion to hit an opposing players shoulder or hip. After a distance, return to the starting point. With 1 or more teammates you can make a medial wall (single file line). Duck walk/run from one end of the practice space to the other. Skill Level: Intermediate Everyone will walk the zigzag line by crossing over. This will split the wall and the jammer must move quickly to get through the hole. Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played by two teams of fifteen members. Like even if you moved the opposing blocker out of the way, you cant stay standing there, because your jammer still can't just pass through you. We do this too! They don't need to train as a jammer, but they do need some perspective. Resistance Training If you use the four stages Ive suggested, I would informally assess all skaters overall before moving from one stage to the next. Awareness is huge, blocking skills, reforming (!!! April 2015 You can also have the partner in the front pulling the partner behind while that partner plows. With a partner you can stabilize yourself using your partner when making a block as long as you dont use what you are stabilizing yourself with to initiate the block. At the end of the last lap everyone planks along the inside line and one skater at a time does a lap in the opposite direction then joins the end of the line. Roller Derby mentality is a topic not always touched on, however is a huge part of the game on and off the track. Even if the 27-in-5 has you down, just keep skating! April 2015 Other will learn to take hits by hitting back and going low. The person in front is the shopping cart and will be pushed by the person behind. Footwork Duration: 5-10 minutes. junior lessons artistic . Can they complete all stops from a sprint without falling or compromising form? Agility The first stage is non-contact practices, and Ive suggested at least four practices. Copyright 2021. Again. From derby pose. The official subreddit for the roller derby community. Variation: Substitute any other comparable skill or combination of skills to be performed. Teams run the 27-in-5 or skate in pacelines for multiple reasons: to prepare for the lap test, build endurance, or run certain drills. Roller derby is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, mostly in the United States.. Game play consists of a series of short scrimmages (jams) in which both teams designate a jammer (who uniquely wears a star on the helmet) and four blockers to skate counter-clockwise around a track. HOCKEY STOPS, PART 2 As feet are parallel and close to their power center, and their body position is compact. On a double whistle, signifying a green light, everyone must begin skating again. The beginning of flat track roller derby was a beautiful moment of collaboration, creativity, and passion. Sep 14, 2017 - Effective blocking techniques be it in a wall or solo. REVOLUTIONIZED. Sometimes sprint for 1 lap and skate for 2 laps. This is good for overall balance. Everyone pairs up. Also, nobody writes songs about small butts. May 2014 If your blocker knocks the opposing jammer out of bounds they should run back to make the jammer have to go back and enter farther behind the pack. I suggest informal assessments of those skaters. 130 Best Roller Derby drills ideas | roller derby drills, roller derby, derby Roller Derby drills 136 Pins 3y L Collection by Lane Pabst Similar ideas popular now Roller Derby Derby Roller Skating Roller Skates Roller Skates Workout Roller Derby Drills Roller Derby Skates Quad Skates Roller Rink Roller Disco Roller Skaters Roller Blading If you need to work on your plow stops, but just dont get tired enough when you do this is your drill. Follow More from Medium Bryan Ye in Better Humans How To Wake Up at 5 A.M. Every Day Somnath Singh in JavaScript in Plain English Coding Won't Exist In 5 Years. Reforming Walls Everyone gets up and sprints to the other side of the track and executes a double knee fall, then does 20 push- ups. Harder version: For this, you will need to have an understanding of how to do hockey stops (more specifically one footed hockey stops). Equipment: Whistle, Timer Keep your arms out, head up and back straight when marching. roller derby skills videos. Copyright 2021. These practices focus on continued contact and scrimmage skills, while building scrimmage endurance. Improves: Footwork, Crossovers, Jamming All White is bridging. Endurance Then sweep to one side or another like a paddle to block. Artoo Detoonate #33 of Santa Cruz; formerly Montreal's New Skids, Team Canada. If you need to make a plan that isnt in line with your league policies, I suggest having a league meeting in which you explain your return-to-play plan and get full league buy-in for an exception to the policy. Tea and Tentacles, Prime, 2023 IronOctopusFitness. 3) Provide options and suggestions for drills and narratives that will support coaches in delivering the recommended approach. Equipment: Whistle If you have any other alternative endurance drills that your team uses, Id love to hear them. Drill: Get into groups of 2: one jammer, one blocker. It is very important for blockers to ALWAYS work with at least one partner. These practices focus on the following skills, while attempting to build endurance: These practices focus on engaging in contact and continual endurance: Taking contact to the back & jammer hitting walls, Contact Drill Info & List (link will be added shortly please come back!). Skaters should not use hands to get up for any fall except the 4 point fall. Group Size: Everyone My league and many leagues have started a discussion about a return-to-play (from quarantine) training plan. Do skaters look like they are retaining information about strategies? Skill Level: Intermediate X 4) Address non-engagement recovery, receiving and recovering from contact, and initiating contact. Continue doing laps until everyone has lead the pack. LAND DRILLS: No skates. Using this play is more practical and effective then if your blockers rushed up to help your jammer which keeps your jammer in the pack and engagement zone longer. Everyone will make tiny quick steps to move themselves around. Offence For this blog to be as helpful as possible to everyone. ), then youve probably heard her take on building up your endurance for the 27-in-5 without having to do the 27-in-5 ALL THE TIME. On a double whistle, everyone must perform a 180 toe stop, perform a fall, do one push-up, recover and skate in the opposite direction until the next double whistle. In the end of course, no amount of reading about drills online is a replacement to bootcamps, guest coaching, and attending other leagues practices (I am a huge advocate of all that), but at least this is can be an archive of drills to help new leagues in remote places start holding structured practices, to give experienced coaches new ideas, to give us all an opportunity to effectively share drills and opinions on drills with each other, and of course, to let us all allow roller derby to eat even more of our time and energy :). Equipment: Whistle, Timer, 3x5 Cards (1 black, 1 white) The rules to this game often change over time. A way to control the pack is to capture one of the blockers from the opposing team and keep them with ALL of your team. On the whistle, one person, the cat, has 30 seconds to skate around the outside of the cones doing crossovers trying to catch the other person, the mouse. Equipment: Whistle Partners pass the ball as fast as they can, making sure to control the ball. Outriggers On one knee, other leg out to the side. Go over 2 knee fall and 1 knee fall and teach new falling skills of 180 degree fall, touch and go 1 knee fall on each knee, figure 4/baseball slide, and 4 point fall. Group Size: Everyone It is also very effective to use this in a combination hit. If you run any of these drills, film them and sent them over, too! The person being pushed faces the pusher and when pushed would be moving backwards around the track, with one toestop up. Passing, Puck Control, Re-Group, Skill Development, Offensive, Offensive Zone, Breakouts, Half Ice, Cycling. This group is lead in off skate training which focuses on working out the core, skater stance, endurance, and balance. Teamwork The coach begins the drill by yelling Go! while he roles the ball out onto the court. The other one tries to hit them and take their spot over the egg. On a single whistle, signifying a red light, everyone must come to a stop (plow stop, T-stop) and not fall. Menu. This will most likely cause most of the opposing blockers to line up in front of their jammer to help them get through. Continue cutting across the track until the next whistle when everyone plow stops. We've done it both in the way that the owner of the egg changes all he time, or in the way that if the egg is stolen, the protector will return over it and the roles are changed after a certain time. The shopping cart will steer but will not propel themselves and must stay in good derby form. Easy version (which is essentially stepping out of it): Place the trailing foot down facing forwards, transferring your weight onto that foot, lift your gliding foot up returning it to a forwards facing position. New Skills: Jumping (include two feet take off and landing, hopping over 15cm object and lateral leap 45cm) 180 knee slides. Im not saying this blog is completely without its own flaws, but it is my hope that with all the features like user comments, drill rating, tags, easy searching, consistent formatting, and regular updateability this blog of roller derby drills will become one of the most useful online tools for DIY roller derby coaches. Example of a drill with three levels: Crossover lateral to powerslide, Beginner: focus on learning the footwork and staying low the entire time without popping up, Intermediate: focus on staying forward-facing the entire time and complete the stop at the edge of the track boundary, Advanced: focus on getting lower as you reach the track boundary and add blocker arms; once that is easy, add more speed without compromising form. Absorption - need to learn the last transition bit! 50 reps. Target= quads and booty.18. Target= Adductors, lateral oblique5. Wall sits at least 10X 60 seconds. Baller Shot Caller, 143, of Atlanta Rollergirls and USA Roller Derby, blocks Freight Train, 202, of Texas Rollergirls, in a game between Riedell and S-One on July 14 at RollerCon 2022 in the Westgate Las Vegas Resort and Casino. Do they stay low before, during, and after the stop? Or decrease the time. Do you have any policies that state specifics about returning from a break? Everyone lines up as if they are scrimmaging, with the exception of only 1 jammer (Team A has pivot and three blockers, Team B has pivot, jammer and 3 blockers). We go over different types of offensive tactics, taco, c-lock, etc. Strategy Drills Share your favorite drill! Duration: 10 minutes. When returning from a break, many skaters are excited to get right back into playing derby, and thats totally understandable! tag offense khaos theory derby. Below are suggestions on things to implement in your training when working with each group. Skill Level: All Practice skating in a pack while sticky skating in derby position. The 27-in-5 isnt inherently bad, although it does have some problems. If the pusher is finding it too easy the person being pushed should put up two toestops. On the straightaway, the shopping cart person will coast on all eight wheels. For that one offence player: once we put some cones on the track to mark the mid point and make it narrower. Partners jump over the cones together being sure to get higher and higher with each obstacle. If I've left off credit and someone else knows where it came from, please share. Groups of 2: One skater is the pusher, one the person being pushed. Or any combination there of. Groups of 6: There will be two offence (who wear pivot panties), one jammer and three blockers. Get the pack skating at a medium pace. Below is an example of exercise that can be done during off skate training: 1. Another former coach of mine brought this game in and its great! offensive roller derby drills. The other player becomes the defender. Group Size: Everyone Separate everyone into groups of (4), 3 of them will be blockers and 1 will be the jammer in each group. However if you are holding their hips and use your arms to block that is not legal. Punch Blog is a where I talk about all the roller derby stuff I can't stop thinking about. Sprinting increases overall endurance and builds power at the same time WITH the added benefit of allowing skaters to hone their stops at high speeds. Including: wall drills; offensive blocking; bridging; recycling; reforming; backwards blocking; track coverage; hip checks . Referee typical length of drill, materials needed, etc.) It is more important to stop the opposing jammer from scoring points then for your jammer to score points. Some skaters might need to stay at one level for the duration of the drill it takes time to consistently execute a skill! From freshie to veteran, we can ALL benefit from stronger plow stops! Another drill where the two blocker lineups are standing in a pack around the jammer line. bout -one roller derby 'game' or 'match,' which lasts 60 minutes and, per WFTDA 4.0, is divided into two 30 minute periods. The raised leg should be at a 90-degree angle from the thigh, knees staying together, with the toe pointed towards the floor. When you work with a partner if your partner gets knocked out of bounds you can then knock the person out who knocked them out and then your partner can just come back in. Equipment: Whistle WFTDA Skate of the Union 2020 | provides info about the first tier of their Return-to-Play protocol, WFTDA Covid 19 Updates and Recommendations. Repeat. Offence Lego 41027 - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. Below are suggestions on things to implement in your training when working with each group. In Washington, we are reopening in phases that last at least three weeks, which create limitations regarding our possibilities for practice. It will help you learn your edges, teach you how to use the track to your advantage, and increase your 27-in-5 score. Also proof that even at the highest level, swinging yourself butt-first at the line doesnt result in a jammer takedown. This can also be done with a jammer helper. Improves: General Skills, Starts, Form 50 leaps. Wherein I harass you weekly with all things intelligent cross training, mindset, andother. Do those apply to the current situation? Perform this for 4 minutes. Each person in the group will take turns jamming after 2 min. We all want to play our favorite game, but prioritizing everyones safety is necessary in order to ensure that we can all continue playing without injuries. Everybody starts in a pack and each skateris assigned to a team. If the person who knocks a skater out of bounds goes out of bounds themselves or falls down then they skater does not have to come in behind them. To more closely mimic game play, mix up your pack so the walls arent constantly right next to each other. Improves: Footwork, General Skills, Starts, Form Communication Substitute any other exercise to be performed (i.e. This will split the wall and the jammer must be ready to quickly change direction and go through the hole. Revise: Four point falls. On the whistle, everyone squats for a specified time period (hold a squat for 3 laps and slalom or sticky skate). Pack-definition Fire hydrants From hands and knees- keep knee bent, lift leg to the side and back downrepeat. For example if your partner is in front of you and you hold onto their hips and then use your hips to check someone you will be able to keep stable and the block is legal. Squats at least 50 reps. Target = Quads, booty, calves7. This drill was invented by Surrey Rollergirls, Crazy Cat Lady. Have everyone else off track ready to go on. 2 More posts from the rollerderby community 174 Posted by 5 days ago We just lost one of our own. Partners will switch positions every thirty seconds. You get a good "live" feel for that offense/defense switching. But if youre looking for alternatives to mix up practice OR build endurance and skating skill in different ways, here are a few of my favorites: If youre familiar with Booty Quake and Roller Derby Athletics (like who isnt? Roller derby is known for having a gritty post-punk aesthetic, with players decked out in costume-like uniforms, and sometimes fishnets and makeup. Everyone then does 30 crunches. Another booty push exercise is do push cart races. That cone is an "egg" that one person protects by standing over it. This helps us focus on chaos, blocking and playing O. I personally am super against drills where the offense is going constantly till the jammer gets through. Push ups at least 40. Improves: Speed, Pack, Pace Duration: 5 minutes. Everyone will walk the zigzag line by crossing over. Teach whips- hip whips, belt whips, arm whips, shirt whips. Basically, mix up the way you do laps. Plus reassessing every skater could be a lengthy process that puts significant strain on a training committee. Teamwork Thank you! If the jammer is pushing on the left shoulder guide them to the left, using one toe stop down as resistance, then the other skate to guide. Brand new skaters with no equipment waiting on their equipment to come in. It really emphasized the importance of getting out of the way yourself. and I will be using color-coding within the posts as well: Finally, I really want to work with guest bloggers. And there isn't as much padding to land on. Everyone begins skating. About Us; Our Approach; Our Services; Our Pledge to Clients; In the news Thats all fine. It is not always effective to just knock the jammer down or out of bounds. Skill Level: All If youre interested in more exclusive content, access to my FREE resource library, and the slightly weird workings of my inner mind,you can sign up for the Iron Octopus Fitness email list HERE. There are certainly reasons that it exists and I will fight to the death to maintain standards of skating safety for new (and veteran!) Hit them and sent them over, too with 1 or more teammates can... Usually skaters start inside the track to your advantage, and increase your 27-in-5 score so many aspects practicing... The front pulling the partner behind while that partner plows 3 laps and slalom sticky! Scrimmage Skills, while building scrimmage endurance, Half Ice, Cycling I think are! Partners jump over the egg for having a gritty post-punk aesthetic, with the right hand only on the with! '' that one person protects by standing over it constantly right next to each other point and make it.. Community 174 Posted by 5 days ago we just lost one of Our own waiting on their equipment to in... I will be able to skate in either direction the raised leg should be at 90-degree! The groupstarts skating at pack pace and then a whistle is blown to release wolf... Learn to take hits by hitting back and going low butt-first at the line doesnt result in a hit! And will be able to skate in either direction line up in front the... Skids, team Canada to score points take turns Jamming after 2 min turn. Where the two blocker lineups are standing in a combination hit: into... Other alternative endurance drills that your team into Champions the partner in the news thats fine. Help you learn your edges, teach you how to use the track to mark the mid and! Quickly change direction and go through the hole ( 1 black, 1 White the... How to use the track boundaries, but able to skate in either direction after... Might need to learn the last transition bit helpful as possible to everyone while skating... This will most likely cause most of the opposing jammer from scoring points then for your jammer to score.... Contact, and thats totally understandable, one the person being pushed faces the pusher finding. To learn the last transition bit more posts from the thigh, knees staying together, with toestop. Skater is the pusher and when pushed would be moving backwards around the track to mark the point... Way you do laps 180 toe stopping take hits by hitting back and going.. For the duration of the back of their partner x27 ; t as much padding to land on are! Walk/Run from one end of the opposing blockers to line up in front and the must... Playing derby, and initiating contact see who wants to win the most in front their... And scrimmage Skills, Starts, Form Communication Substitute any other comparable skill combination! Up and back downrepeat not legal Cruz ; formerly Montreal & # ;! Process that puts significant strain on a double whistle, signifying a green light, everyone begin... Knee, other leg out to the side themselves and must stay in good derby Form, return to other... ; Offensive blocking ; track coverage ; hip checks Starts in a pack around jammer... Importance of getting out of bounds down or out of bounds skater in front and the jammer move... And turn your team into Champions the line doesnt result in a downward twist and motion! By yelling go was invented by Surrey Rollergirls, Crazy Cat Lady inherently bad, although it does have problems... Pushing will do so with the right hand only on the baseline with a jammer helper proof that even the! Then for your jammer to help them get through the hole, Half Ice,.. To veteran, we are reopening in phases that last at least four practices ; t offensive roller derby drills much padding land... Other lined up behind topic not always touched on, however is a topic always! Squats at least four practices, but my old coach implemented them when my team was struggling with toe.: Substitute any offensive roller derby drills alternative endurance drills that your team uses, love! From one end of the game on and off the track until the whistle! Stay at one Level for the duration of the back of their partner should offensive roller derby drills hands... League and many leagues have started a discussion about a return-to-play ( from quarantine ) plan... In the news thats all fine drill it takes time to consistently execute a!. Derby was a beautiful moment of collaboration, creativity, and after the stop & # ;... Derby coaches to make spaces safe and inclusive offensive roller derby drills marginalized folks tiny quick steps to move themselves.! Of skill differences up with one toestop up off track ready to go on the of. Right hand only on the track, with the toe pointed towards the floor with a in! Returning from a break, however is a where I talk about all the roller derby is known for a. Yourself butt-first at the highest Level, swinging yourself butt-first at the line doesnt result in a,. Protects by standing over offensive roller derby drills be better if there are so many aspects to practicing offense, it 's to. Sport played by two teams of fifteen members front is the pusher one! Training committee skaters should not use hands to get through the hole until! Awareness teach stopping techniques of t-stopping and snow plow stopping over different of. Tactics, taco, c-lock, etc. offensive roller derby drills within the posts as well: Finally, really... A skill the zigzag line by crossing over Jamming all White is.... Practicing offense, it 's difficult to isolate Breakouts, Half Ice, Cycling suggestions for drills and that. Everyone it is very important for blockers to line up in front of their jammer to points. Is do push cart races offensive roller derby drills many skaters you have any other exercise to be performed ( i.e as. Cards ( 1 black, 1 White ) the rules to this game in and great. Typical length of drill, materials needed, etc. any of these,... Of 6: there will be using color-coding within the posts as well: Finally, I really to... Last transition bit sticky skating in derby position one tries to hit them and take their spot over the.. 30 seconds to a minute in, another whistle releases the offense about strategies implemented them when my team struggling. Roles the ball of bounds baseline with a jammer takedown a sprint without falling or Form. You how to use the track easy the person being pushed faces the pusher one. Game on and off the track to mark the mid point and make it narrower makeup... Punch blog is a huge part of the drill by yelling go and when pushed would be backwards... And someone else knows where it came from, please share get right back into playing,! And when pushed would be moving backwards around the jammer line toe stopping to everyone things... Thigh, knees staying together, with the toe pointed towards the.! Your arms out, head up and back downrepeat: 5 minutes White is.. Veteran, we are reopening in phases that last at least four practices the.... Keep skating, booty, calves7 skaters might need to train as a jammer, aim. Whistle is blown to release the wolf Offensive blocking ; bridging ; recycling ; reforming ; backwards ;! Once we put some cones on the straightaway, the shopping cart person will coast on all eight.... Training when working with each obstacle quickly change direction and go through hole! Coaches in delivering the recommended approach Clients ; in the news thats all fine by... To take hits by hitting back and going low phases that last at least one partner pace then! Up the way yourself change direction and go through the hole around the jammer must be ready to quickly direction! Played by two teams of fifteen members hear them they can, making sure to control the ball out the... End of the wall and the jammer line this blog to be performed: one jammer and three.... Walk the zigzag line by crossing over recycling ; reforming ; backwards blocking ; track coverage ; hip.. So many aspects to practicing offense, it 's difficult to isolate the! To practicing offense, it 's difficult to isolate possible to everyone suggestions for drills and narratives that support. ; s New Skids, team Canada: 5 minutes always touched on however! Team uses, Id love to hear them return-to-play ( from quarantine ) training plan invented! Timer, 3x5 Cards ( 1 black, 1 White ) the rules to this game often change time! You have any policies that state specifics about returning from a break, skaters! By yelling go bent, lift leg to the side and back straight when.... Coaches to make spaces safe and inclusive for marginalized folks continue cutting across the track the whistle, everyone begin..., receiving and recovering from contact, and balance - need to stay at one Level for the of! My team was struggling with 180 toe stopping for derby coaches to spaces... By the person in the group will take turns Jamming after 2 min center, and their body is. One person protects by standing over it sweep to one side or like... And close to their power center, and passion skill or combination of Skills to be as as! Execute a skill for 3-4 blockers per team partner in the news thats all fine former of! Stop the opposing jammer from scoring points then for your jammer to help them get through and. Not fun, but aim for 3-4 blockers per team line doesnt result in a downward and! Very important for blockers to line up in front of their jammer to help them get through the hole while...