The town is situated on Cardigan Bay on the west coast of Wales, near the confluence of the River Ystwyth and Afon Rheidol. It's easy to forget that Aberystwyth really is quite small. Welsh is the main medium of communication within the organisation; it aims to deliver all public services in Welsh and English. Aberystwyth is also the home to the national offices of UCAC and Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (Welsh Language Society), and the site of the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, the Welsh Books Council and the offices of the standard historical dictionary of Welsh, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru. 1 Is Aberystwyth in North Wales or South Wales? She has worked in Project Management, events and PR for many years. Established in 1907, it is a Welsh Government sponsored body. His family moved to Aberystwythwhen he was in his early teens. The Field Officers will be wearing PPE and working in line with government guidance. The local trade directory for 1830 shows that there were in Aberystwyth: Fast site work and constantly updated data. In the 2022 National Student Survey, of the universities featured in 2023 Times Good University Guide, Aberystwyth ranked as the best university across Wales and England and second in the UK for . The population development of Aberystwyth as well as related information and services (weather, Wikipedia, Google, images). Rural industries and craftsmen were an important part of life in a country town. On a hill south of the present town, across the River Ystwyth, are the remains of a medieval ringfort believed to be the castle from which Princess Nest was abducted. Aberystwyth station is also the terminus of the Vale of Rheidol Railway, a steam-operated narrow gauge heritage railway. Siop y Petheis such a beautifully named shop, meaning the shop of cultural things, but it sounds so much nicer in Welsh. Aberystwyth Population: 13,040 inhabitants: Aberystwyth Geography. Black Death. Black Death enters Britain in July. We're celebrating 150 years of academic heritage. people from the Asian ethnic group made up 17.5% of the 'never worked and long-term unemployed' group and 15.1% of full-time students, around twice their share of the overall population; out of all socio-economic groups, the smallest percentages of people from the Asian ethnic group were found in 'lower supervisory and technical' (4.7% . In 1649, Parliamentarian troops razed the castle, so that its remains are now inconsiderable, though portions of three towers still exist. The lease expired in 1903 and the library returned to Pier Street, this time to the Old Banking Library at the corner with Eastgate Street, although this was short lived. A population count in Aberystwyth was carried out in 2023. Population and Community Ecology: BR33920: 20: Wildlife Conservation: BR34520: 20 Pop. Or, welcome to Wales. There is a separate international office that addresses issues about visas , housing, and banking for foreign students. Transport for Wales Rail operate a mostly hourly service (with some two-hour intervals) to Shrewsbury via Machynlleth and Mid Wales, with nearly all trains continuing to Birmingham International. For further details on your closest Census Support Centre visit: https://census.gov.uk/en/find-a-support-centre/, The Census Engagement Manager (CEM) for Ceredigion is Huw Davies. In 1896, the Aberystwyth Improvement Company formed Constitution Hill Ltd which, under the direction of chief engineer George Croydon Marks, developed the United Kingdom's second longest funicular railway, the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway, which takes passengers up a 50% gradient.[30][31]. Population growth was also lower in Wales than in all English regions. The seafront also boasts the oldest pier in Wales (it was built in 1864), which offers the second best vantage point of Aberystwyth. Since the TV series Hinterland has been filmed in and around Aberystwyth, the area is being promoted as an opportunity for tourists to visit filming locations; many are well publicised. [26], The Cambrian Railways line from Machynlleth reached Aberystwyth in 1864, closely followed by rail links to Carmarthen, which resulted in the construction of the town's impressive station. Aberystwyth University has been a major educational location in Wales since the establishment of University College Wales in 1872. Briggs, C. S., "The Bronze Age", in J. L. Davies and D. P. Kirkby. This reduced to 13,040 at the 2011 Census. Percentage: 2.39%. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. If you do not, or if you supply false information, you could be fined up to 1,000. On the death of Henry Read, the paper was purchased in 1999 by Sir Ray Tindle, whose company owns more than 200 weekly newspapers in Britain. Between the years 1404 and 1408 Aberystwyth Castle was in the hands of Owain Glyndr but finally surrendered to Prince Harry (the future King Henry V of England). Aberystwyth was recently a runner up inElectrifying.com's top electric car friendly destinations getaway guide. Multi-location trials and population-based genotyping reveal high diversity and adaptation to breeding environments in a large collection of red clover . In 1988, an excavation within the castle area revealed a complete male skeleton, deliberately buried. It's a wide, gently sloping sand and shingle beach, where you can catch the sun for most of the day. Or you can contact the Census Contact Centre 0800 169 2021. The 1891 census recorded that, of the 6635 inhabitants who completed the language section, 3482 (52.5%) were bilingual, 1751 (26.4%) were Welsh monoglots, and 1402 people (21.1%) were returned as English monoglots. You must be logged in to request access to this dataset. . The population in Ndola for 2023 is 495 802. Llywelyn the Great attacked and seized the town in late 1208, building a castle there before withdrawing. . As per the survey conducted in Fall 2021, Aberystwyth University is a public university with over 9,500 students, including over 6,600 undergraduates and around 1,200 graduate students spread across three academic colleges and 17 departments. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Llanbadarn; Trefechan; and the most populous, Penparcau. Scenic Mid Wales landscape within easy reach of the town includes the wilderness of the Cambrian Mountains, whose valleys contain forests and meadows which have changed little in centuries. Aberystwyth is home to institutions of cultural importance including the National Library of Wales and Screen and Sound Archive and the oldest university in Wales. Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. Aberystwyth is an isolated town, considering the population density of the United Kingdom. Please visit census.gov.uk for more information, and any questions you have, about the census. The town was attacked by Gwenwynwyn ab Owain in 1197, an assault in which Maelgwn ap Rhys was captured. You must absolutely see The Cwmystwyth Mines, Devil's Bridge, the Bwlch Nant yr Arian Forest Visitor Center, Elvis Rock, Cors Caron, the Vale of Rheidol Railway, Aberystwyth Cliff Railway, Aberystwyth Castle and Cardigan Castle. The RNLI took over the service in 1861 and established Aberystwyth Lifeboat Station which celebrated 150 years in 2011. . Following Welsh actor Taron Egerton'ssuccess at the Golden Globes, we take a look back at BAFTA Cymru's'An audience with Taron Egerton' to hear how his childhood in Aberystwyth helped develop his talents. The Contact Centre can help with many tasks, including: resolving general and specialist queries from the public; providing new or additional questionnaires; providing language translation booklets, braille guidance booklets and easy read leaflets; interpretation services; assisting individuals to complete the Census over the telephone. Aberystwyth's teaching quality is consistently ranked amongst the best in the UK and 98% of the university . Although the town is relatively modern, there are a number of historic buildings, including the remains of the castle and the Old College of Aberystwyth University nearby. Aberystwyth [5225'N 405'W] [OS National Grid SN584817] is a small sea-side town (population 13,040 2011 Census) in the county of Ceredigion (population 75,922 2011 Census) on the west coast of Wales. The population of Aberystwyth is 15,935. At the 2001 census, the population of the town was 15,935. On 1 March 2005, Aberystwyth was granted Fairtrade Town status. Work commenced on a protective coffer dam until 1940, with total costs of construction coming to 70,000 (equivalent to 2.5 million today). [65] The town's golf course opened in 1911. Aberystwyth, coastal town, Ceredigion county, historic county of Cardiganshire, western Wales. Perfectly positioned in the middle of the promenade, and expertly run by Gareth, this cafe bar is a true gem. Itsits smack bang in the middle of the ruggedCeredigioncoastline, making it a cracking short break destination. This could mean things like doctors surgeries, housing or new bus routes. There is evidence that during the Mesolithic Age the area of Tan-y-Bwlch at the foot of Pen Dinas (Penparcau) was used as a flint knapping floor for hunter-gatherers making weapons from flint that was deposited as the ice retreated. The children come from the town of Aberystwyth and the . [37][38] Properties on the adjoining promenade were then evacuated for the next five days, including 250 students from the University. The population of Aberystwyth was 15,935 in 2001, reducing to 13,040 in the 2011 census. The medieval walled town grew around the castle erected by the Normans (1277) on a rocky headland immediately north of the mouth of the River Rheidol, into which the mouth of the River Ystwyth has also been diverted. Place Description. The town is the unofficial capital of Mid Wales, and several institutions have regional or national offices there. By the time it was finished, lead mining was in a deep downturn andthanks to the Aberystwyth Improvement Companythe railway came to rely largely on the tourist industry, opening for passengers in December 1902. Explanation: All population figures and depicted boundaries are based on output areas officially assigned to the 2011 built-up areas. They will encourage people to complete the Census and help you to access further help if you need it. [22], In 1649, Parliamentarian troops razed the castle,[23] although portions of three towers still exist. It's one of the largest towns in Snowdonia with a population of around 4,200. After leaving her husband and parents in Lviv . At present, the Census Support Centre is operating as a remote service and can only provide support over the phone. Meaning of Aberystwyth. Aberystwyth's local government administration has a two-tier structure consisting of two separate councils. You can also call the Census Contact Centre for assistance: The Census Contact Centre is a vital source of public support. This rare survival is now on private land and can only be accessed by arrangement. The English castle was built to keep the Welsh out in the 13th century, at the same time as Flint, Rhuddlan and Builth Wells castles were erected. Ceredigion Council appealed to the Welsh Assembly Government for funds, whilst Natural Resources Wales are still undertaking surveys and emergency preventative measures. Edward I replaced Strongbow's castle in 1277, after its destruction by the Welsh. Aberystwyth has two comprehensive schools serving the town and a wide rural area: Ysgol Gyfun Gymunedol Penweddig and Ysgol Penglais School. The port, now virtually unused, once handled coastal, Irish, and even transatlantic shipping (Welsh emigrants, for example, would sail direct for the United States) and served as the outlet for the once-flourishing Cardiganshire lead mines. The house was demolished in 1955, but the landscape remains today. Bars & Clubs. 10,500 in currency was produced, equivalent to 2.5 million silver pennies. However, tabulated area figures refer to (typically smaller) actual built-up areas in order to present a more realistic population density. Census 1961, Wales, including Monmouthshire: Report on Welsh Speaking Population. 05:20, 9 . Constitution Hill, scaled by the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway, gives access to panoramic views and to other attractions at the summit, including a camera obscura. Located in the historic county of Cardiganshire, Aberystwyth means "the mouth of the Ystwyth". The University College of Wales (later to become Aberystwyth University) was founded in 1872 in this building.[29]. Typically 39.8 days will register an air frost. 3 min read. Theres also a superb caf providing home cooked food, using locally sourced ingredients and a range of shops selling Welsh and English language books, as well as a craft and design shop, selling ceramics and prints from local artists, homeware, jewellery, stationery and cards. [58] The University Music Centre promotes a varied programme for instrumentalists, singers and listeners from the university and the wider community. Omissions? Or you can call the free language helpline on 0800 587 2021. In the Rheidol valley the inland hamlet of Llanbadarnfawr has become a suburb; its church was once a great centre of Dark Ages learning and Celtic Christianity. This rises to nearly 19,000 for the larger conurbation of Aberystwyth and Llanbadarn Fawr. Aberystwyth is a tourist destination, and forms a cultural link between North Wales and South Wales. By doing so you will also help us improve this website and help with your holiday planning and travel needs. Aberystwyth town centre is spread around variety of interesting roads - the street names and architecture reflect the history and growth of the town since the Middle Ages. Including the suburbs of Llanbadarn Fawr, the population is 16,420, the built-up area having a population of 18,749. 11 people were boat and ship builders and repairers. Aberystwyth graduate and BBC One Show presenter Alex Jones won't hear a bad word . As the title suggests, it sells a little bit of everything. Constructed between 1901 and 1902, it was intended to ship mineral cargo, primarily lead, from Devil's Bridge down to Aberystwyth for trans-shipment. The RNLI took over the service in 1861 and established Aberystwyth Lifeboat Station which celebrated 150 years in 2011. By 1961, only 50.0% of the town's population could speak Welsh, compared to 79.5% for Cardiganshire as a whole; in 1971 these numbers had fallen to 44.9% and 67.6% respectively. Roadways and bridges were built and hundreds of thousands of trees were planted. Aberystwyth (Welsh: [abrst . Cities starting with letter A 11 letters in the name, Cities in United Kingdom starting with letter A. Located in the historic county of Cardiganshire, Aberystwyth means "the mouth of the Ystwyth". The town has grown since the late 19th century as a holiday resort and rural service centre and is the headquarters of many regional services of western Wales. 7. Also on a Wednesday evening a number of traditional folk music artist congregate in the popular ale drinkers pub, The Ship and Castle. Work commenced on a protective coffer dam which continued into 1940, with total costs of construction coming to 70,000 (equivalent to 2.5 million today).[33]. Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (Welsh Language Society) held their historic first protest on Trefechan Bridge in Aberystwyth, on 2 February 1963. Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) has ranked Aberystwyth at 801-900 for 2019 and 901-1000 for 2020 in its universities ranking. The recorded history of Aberystwyth may be said to date from the building of a fortress in 1109 by Gilbert Fitz Richard (grandfather of Richard de Clare, known as Strongbow, the Cambro-Norman lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland). Following the reconstruction of the harbour, the Ystwyth skirts the town. It is the second tier of local government in the area and is a unitary authority with a wide range of powers and responsibility. Located in Corporation Street, it was designed by the architect Walter Payton of Birmingham, who was one of 48 who entered the competition to design the building. Pollyboutique is a favourite for ladies contemporary fashions and accessories,Coastal Vintagedoes what it says on the tin andYstwyth Booksis a small charming second hand bookshop where its easy to get lost in the racks for a few hours. The distance between Aberystwyth and Aberaeron by road is 16.3 miles. and reduced sets of 100 accessions each were grown at Aberystwyth University in Aberystwyth, Wales (GBR 52.427N, 4.020W, 35 m . It offers help over the phone, via web-chat and SMS text message, and through the Contact Us form on the Census 2021 website. Find out what statistics the population of the country, city, district on All-populations.com. Aberystwyth (in Wales), reported the highest share of 16- to 24-year-olds among all towns and cities outside of London, at 38%. For Ukrainians fleeing the Russian invasion, Wales has become a temporary home. The lease expired in 1903 and the library returned to Pier Street, this time to the Old Banking Library at the corner with Eastgate Street, although this was short lived. It would take 400 years for Britain's population to return to the pre-plague level. Most of the promenade was destroyed, along with 200 feet (60m) of the pier. As well as having two cinemas and a golf course, the town's attractions include: The all organic dairy unit of Rachel's Organic is based in Glan yr Afon, and is the largest private sector employer in Aberystwyth. FreeCEN is an ongoing volunteer-based project to provide a 'free to view' online searchable database of the 19th century UK census returns. The toun's population wis offeecially 15,935 in the 29 Aprile 2001 census or 16,928 if local-government wards are tallied. Chief engineer George Croydon Marks designed all the AIC developments, including the United Kingdom's second longest funicular railway,[31] which takes passengers up a 50% gradient to a park and camera obscura. [60], Aberystwyth RFC is the local rugby union club and acts as a feeder club to professional side Scarlets. The Rheidol passes through the town. [11] All averages refer to the 19812010 period. The station uses the Atlantic 85-class inshore lifeboat Spirit of Friendship. In 2011 the population of the town was 13,040. National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Mid Wales. Affectionately known as "Charlie" and now housed in the Ceredigion Museum in the town, he probably dates from the English Civil War period, and is likely to have died during the Parliamentarian siege. Aberystwyth University has a student population of over 6,000 students, out of which nearly 2,000 are international students. . Here cocktails and the hefty wine list are the order of the day. The total area is 1,783 square kilometers and the population is 74,100. The A4120 links the A44 and A487 between Llanbadarn Fawr and Penparcau, allowing through traffic to bypass the town centre. [39] Ceredigion Council appealed to the Welsh Assembly Government for funds, whilst Natural Resources Wales undertook surveys and emergency preventative measures. The town is in the Ceredigion constituency for elections to the House of Commons. In 1895, various businessmen who had been behind the Aberystwyth New Harbour Company formed the Aberystwyth Improvement Company (AIC) to take over the works of the defunct Bourne Engineering & Electrical. Investigating current use of social networking sites (SNSs) amongst the student population of Aberystwyth University, with particular respect to information-sharing and . The first independent Welsh Evangelical Church was established in Aberystwyth (see Evangelical Movement of Wales). . Commercially, the once important Cardiganshire lead mines exported from this location.[19]. No population figures (and the actual area) are provided for parishes smaller than output areas. The population development of Aberystwyth as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images). Geographic Information regarding City of Aberystwyth. The Local Census Support Centre based in Aberystwyth Town Library will help with general Census queries, help residents fill their online Census or paper form, and can discuss other means of support. Although the name may seem to suggest otherwise, only the River Rheidol passes through the town; following the reconstruction of the harbour, the River Ystwyth skirts the town. . Modern university buildings and the National Library of Wales, one of Britains copyright libraries, overlook the town from Penglais Hill to the northeast. Principal actors Terry Jones and Michael Palin also attended. Aberystwyth RFC is the local rugby union club. This is particularly pronounced due to its west coast location facing the Irish Sea. Aberystwyth was a contributory parliamentary borough until the Third Reform Act, which merged its representation into that of the county in 1885. Aberystwyth, meaning the mouth of the river Ystwyth, and commonly and colloquially known simply as Aber. The premises holds a theatre, gallery, several art studios and meeting rooms, and a darkroom. Aberystwyth is one of 194 cities in United Kingdom and ranks 121 in the United Kingdom population. [46] Welsh is the main medium of communication within the organisation; it aims to deliver all public services in Welsh and English.[47]. The 2001 census reported that, in the seven wards of Aberystwyth, 39% of the residents self-identified as able either to speak, read or write Welsh. The census will take around 10 minutes per person to complete. You must complete the census by law. There is no longer a southbound connection: the CarmarthenAberystwyth line was closed in 1965 as part of the Beeching cuts. Theres lots of lovely independent shops in Aberystwyth, so if you are stocking up on holiday gifts, bring an empty case. Source: UK Office for National Statistics (web). 6 What was the population of Aberystwyth in the 2001 census? The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales maintains and curates the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW), providing the public with information about the built heritage of Wales. In 1896, the Aberystwyth Improvement Company formed Constitution Hill Ltd which, under the direction of chief engineer George Croydon Marks, developed the United Kingdom's second longest funicular railway, the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway, which takes passengers up a 50% gradient. [59] Aberystwyth gives its name to a well known hymn tune composed by Joseph Parry. The beach is divided by the castle. Updates? The location is now known as Tan-Y-Castell.[18]. ONS make sure that it contains none of your personal information. Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (Welsh language Society) held their historic first protest on Trefechan Bridge in Aberystwyth, on 2 February 1963. Though established by English conquerors in the Welsh heartland, Aberystwyth has become a principal stronghold of Welsh culture. Newport was the fastest growing local authority in Wales since 2011 at 9.5%. There is a popular, but incorrect, urban myth that the town had banned the film (as some authorities did) when it was first released. A purpose built Welsh Government office and an adjoining office of Ceredigion County Council are also located in the town. According to Cyril Evans, the library's centenary events co-ordinator, "The library is considered to be one of the world's greatest libraries, and its international reputation is certainly something that all Welsh men and women are intensely proud of". Ysgol Gyfun Gymunedol Penweddig uses Welsh as the primary language of tuition; Ysgol Penglais School teaches in English and in Welsh as a subject. 1351 Crisis This is particularly pronounced due to its west coast location facing the Irish Sea. It is situated where the River Rheidol flows into Cardigan Bay. Aberystwyth hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1865, 1916, 1952 and 1992. Aberystwyth experiences an oceanic climate (Kppen climate classification Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. Aberystwyth born and bred Lydia Jones knows the coastal university town and popular holiday resort inside out. All-populations.com used data from the number of the population from official sources. On 1 March 2005, Aberystwyth was granted Fairtrade Town status. Its also where I have enjoyed the best pizza Ive ever eaten in my life - the pulled pork, perl las (Welsh blue cheese) and caramelized onion pizza is worth a trip to Aber alone. Ceredigion. The distance to Swansea is 55 miles (89km); to Shrewsbury 60 miles (97km); to Wrexham 63 miles (101km); to Cardiff 76 miles (122km); and to London 180 miles (290km). Transport for Wales Rail operate a mostly hourly service (with some two-hour intervals) to Shrewsbury via Machynlleth and Mid Wales, with nearly all trains continuing to Birmingham International. Source: UK Office for National Statistics (web). There were only seven pupils in the school during the early years but by now the school has grown to over 400 pupils. The station uses the Atlantic 85-class inshore lifeboat Spirit of Friendship. There is evidence that during the Mesolithic Age the area of Tan-y-Bwlch at the foot of Pen Dinas (Penparcau) was used as a flint knapping floor for hunter-gatherers making weapons from flint that was deposited as the ice retreated. And finally if youve caught the BBC, S4C and Netflix TV seriesHinterland, you couldnt have escaped without being spellbound by the setting. It gives us the most accurate estimate of all the people and households in England and Wales. Aberystwyth Constitution Hill, scaled by the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway, gives access to panoramic views and to other attractions at the summit, including a camera obscura. The help pages at census.gov.uk explain how you can get help. Twenty boot makers, eight bakers, two corn millers, eleven carpenters and joiners, one cooper, seven tailors, two dressmakers, two straw hat makers, two hat makers, three curriers, four saddlers, two tinsmiths, six maltsters, two skinners, four tanners, eight stonemasons, one brewer, four lime burners, three shipwrights, three wheelwrights, five cabinet makers, one nail maker, one rope maker and one sail maker. [28] During this time, a number of hotels and fine townhouses were built including the Queens Hotel, later renamed Swyddfa'r Sir (County Office) when used as offices by the town council, and most recently used as the external scenes of the police station in the television show Hinterland. The County Council vacated the Town Hall in a move to their purpose built offices on Boulevard de Saint-Brieuc in 2009. Following the reconstruction of the harbour, the Ystwyth skirts the town. The next highest rate of population growth was in Cardiff (4.7%), followed by Bridgend (4.5%). For more information on the time and dates of these events, visit his twitter account: @CensusCerePow or call 07452 945860. It is home to the National Library of Wales, the Welsh Books Council and the Aberystwyth Arts Centre. Griffiths, Ralph A., "The Three Castles at Aberystwyth". [76] A former Calvinistic Methodist Sunday school house, Ysgoldy Tanycae, is now the meeting place of the Elim Pentecostal church. Waunfawr, Penrhyncoch, Comins Coch, Bow Street, Talybont. Today, its population of 15,935 according to the 2001 census is partly thanks to the annual influx of students. Things to do in and around the quirky Mid Wales market town of Machynlleth. [61] Aberystwyth Town F.C. The university has also attracted many English-speaking students from England, non-Welsh speaking parts of Wales and elsewhere. There were 676 nurses. Llanbadarn Fawr, Ponterwyd, Llangurig, Llanidloes. Prior to the college's establishment, Wales had very limited academic-degree capability through St David's College, Lampeter (founded in 1822, now the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David). The council is a statutory body which is consulted regarding planning decisions in the town area and makes recommendations to the planning authority, Ceredigion County Council. Traces of extensive Iron Age earthworks have been found on the hill Pen Dinas, which overlooks the old port and town. Today, it essentially comprises a number of different areas: Aberystwyth town, Llanbadarn Fawr, Waunfawr, Llanbadarn, Trefechan, Penparcau (the most populous). They represent Bronglais, North, Central, Rheidol and Penparcau wards. Ceredigion, the county in which Aberystwyth is located, is one of the four most Welsh-speaking counties in Wales and remained majority Welsh speaking until the 2011 census. The population in Aberystwyth for 2023 is 12 250. The Rheidol passes through the town. They will receive either a paper questionnaire to complete or a unique access code, inviting them to complete the survey online. This special issue calls for studies of this geographic region, focusing on how we can promote healthy ageing through . Port improvements were carried out in both 1780 and 1836, with a new Customs House constructed in 1828. 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Information, population of aberystwyth could be fined up to 1,000 Library of Wales, including Monmouthshire: Report on Welsh population! English regions Ysgoldy Tanycae, is now on private land and can only support...