This is why it h2will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. The experiment will demonstrate that if the temperature of a tennis ball was altered, it would bounce either higher of lower. If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. Warmer balls bounce better than cold ones. Repeat steps 1-6 with the different balls. Let the ball bounce until it stops, and then stop recording. Does the weather make a difference? is well-inflated and made of rubber which would give it more kinetic energy and When the temperature is below 68 degrees, the ball will bounce less. Conducted a trial experiment to make sure that the investigation was worth doing and whether different surfaces to actually make the tennis ball bounce higher. Why Does One Tennis Shoe Pull Your Sock Down? To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a . . September 28, 2022 by George Jackson. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. Keep releasing pressure and repeating the experiment until the ball no longer bounces. by Jonah Lehrer on September 8, 2011. he official rule book of tennis is 35 pages long. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. On the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. or carpet. A cold ball typically has less bounce than a warm ball. us. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. : an American History (Eric Foner), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), 4-3 Assignment Project Management Strategies. Vacuum pump, rigid plastic cylinder, two large rubber bungs to fit over the two ends of the plastic cylinder, table tennis ball, Two meter stick rulers. Cross), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Give Me Liberty! The bouncing of a tennis ball on a tennis court surface is analysed by making several simplifying assumptions about the physics of the interaction. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. ping pong 2 cm 3 cm 2 cm 2 cm, basketball 82 cm 84 cm 80 82 This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. Height will be the variable that we will vary. It might be a good idea for students to experiment with a variety of balls to determine which one is most effective. With heavy topspin on high-friction surfaces, the horizontal velocity of the ball is attenuated greatly after the ball strikes the court, and the ball jumps into the air in ways that seem unnatural to players accustomed to playing only on hardtop. The International Tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five. less air resistance. Science Buddies Staff. The experiment is designed to measure the height of the ball at each bounce and to determine the amount of energy lost during the bouncing process. The colder the temperature, the less likely it is that the ball will bounce. Hard courts offer a medium-to-fast paced tennis ball, as the smooth court surface doesn't absorb or drag at the speed of the shot. Try bouncing different kinds of balls to test this question. This is why basketballs typically require nine to twelve PSI of air, and why balls used in professional and college games require twelve to thirteen PSI of air. Science Buddies Staff. The surface onto which the ball is dropped upon will be kept the same. The bounce of the ball is a major factor in the game of tennis. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. highest on hard, smooth surfaces. The balls bounced higher on the concrete H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. One of the hunks of information we found was Therefore, harder surfaces will ultimately bounce a ball higher. Why a ball bounces: The ball's energy is matched by the ground it hits. Introduction: Low-power hitters have a more difficult time bouncing the ball on clay courts, whereas high-power hitters have a better chance of bouncing the ball on hard courts due to the higher bounce. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. Take a ball and place it on the 150 cm line and drop it. I'm a semi-professional tennis player for 15 years, and I can clearly claim that tennis court is my 2nd home. C. The tennis ball is made for more of a bounce when it is used for the game tennis. Ball trial 1 trail 2 trial 3 average Acrylic-topped, this surface offers the most consistent ball bounce of all the outdoor tennis courts. If the ball bounces up more than .5 meter then, it is more elastic. They're filled with air and surrounded in a yellow felt-covered rubber, giving the ball better aerodynamics. Let the ball bounce until it stops, and then stop recording. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. Tennis cannot be played at a certain temperature; however, 70-90 degrees Fahrenheit is ideal. Bouncing is what makes playing with a ball so much fun. The ultimate answer was that a basketball The drop weight then bounces off the ball with 68-77 percent of its incident speed (46-59% of its incident energy). This means that we can approximately calculate the amount of energy that the ball conserves as it hits the floor and therefore the height to which it will bounce for any given height in a vacuum. When the rubber ball hits the ground it gets compressed, or squished, and because it is very elastic, it quickly returns to its original shape. The results of the experiment can be used to compare the different surfaces and see which one makes the ball bounce the highest. This is because as the ball goes faster it passes through a greater volume of air each second. The reason balls bounce is quite advanced science. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It was more reliable to use the middle three results as it automatically discounted any anomalies; assuming two similar anomalies were recorded for one height, if they were then they both would be discounted. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball, hen a ball hits a surface, all its kinetic energy has to go somewhere. Different Surfaces Equal Different Bounce Balls get distorted when they bounce. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. If it bounces up less than .5 meter, then it is more inelastic. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. For multiple bounces, it's just like dropping the ball again from a reduced height. Different courts are better suited to each players style. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second). A tennis balls trajectory is determined by its temperature. Place the video camera on a level that will be able to clearly record the experiment, whilst a person sits beside the tape measurer 4. . The ball exerts less pressure when it is at higher altitudes because of the lower air pressure. Observe the height of the 1st rebound height of the tennis ball. an incorrect and unreliable result. For our wind situation, one of us stood in the direction that the breeze order to give a fair experiment. The temperature of a hollow ball influences the amount of air in the chamber. Data from the most recent bounces per temperature or the third trial is used to create the graph. Determine how high the ball rebounds on its first bounce. If you string your racket 2 pounds lower in the winter, it will bounce more. You will use an air pump, a basketball, and an air pressure gauge to test if changing the air pressure will change the bounciness of the ball. KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). The impact duration was between 65 and 71 ms. When the ball is pulled toward the ground, gravity slows it down so that it doesn't bounce as many times. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". This did not happen in my experiment however. However the conditions were kept the same for each drop of the ball. h1 = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. Please enter a search term in the text box. surface bounces a ball the highest. (2020, January 12). Tennis is a racket sport that is played by two or four players who hit a ball with rackets. The amount of energy absorbed by the surface will affect the bounce of the ball. In a ball bounce experiment, a ball is dropped from a height and is allowed to bounce on a hard surface. Repeat step 5 with all of your other surfaces. Calculating the coefficient to restitution of ball hitting the floor: The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of h1against h2. Concrete got bounced on the most, 5 times, and the highest, 55cm. Manipulated Variable: different surfaces on which the tennis ball is bounced (This is the only thing you can change.) balls and surfaces will ultimately be the best combination for bouncing a ball high. Therefore the ball goes higher. Note whether the ball and surface showed more of an elastic or inelastic collision. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. I used a Flexible measuring tape to measure. Our team of volunteer scientists can help. Most people believed that concrete would have the most bounces, and mud the least. half the results (concrete), we were incorrect about the basketball. In this manner, you apply heat shrink to your head and heat it up until the shrink shrinks. With this information, we This is longer than the 5-8 ms ball bounce from a solid surface or racquet. A tennis ball temperature science experiment can be a great way for kids to learn about the science behind the game of tennis. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. A cold tennis ball will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball is not as expansive. . Most of the points on grass are very short. Tennis balls are different at sea level and at high altitudes. A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. We then bounced the balls on the surfaces and For instance, you can use old balls for the second round of the experiment compared to new balls. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. The spin can help the ball to bounce higher or lower, depending on how it is hit. Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. As a result, the balls bounce decreases as pressure decreases. The Cold Group (-15C) averaged 53.5 cm, the Cool Group (6C) averaged 98.5 cm, the Room Temperature Group (46C) averaged 114.5 cm, the Warm Group (100C) averaged 136.5 cm, and the Hot Group (142.5 cm) averaged 142.5 cm It was determined to be correct to my hypothesis. For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. In the heat, the molecules are more active, so the ball can bounce higher . Use the pressure gauge to release some of the air pressure from the ball. Why Tennis Balls Bounce. Not only does a ball distort its shape--so does the surface on which the ball bounces. We could have improved this Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. Doherty, P., 1991. A lot of , v is greater therefore KE is greater by a larger amount). Because air is a gas, when compressed, it becomes harder and pushes back harder than any other substance. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. Why does a tennis ball bounce higher on concrete? The tennis ball was then dropped from various heights; 1, 1.5 and 2 meters above a hard surface, using a meter ruler, before it was dropped onto the ground and the resulting bounce height measured. Balls bounce up to 5 . Write each measurement in the data table. surface because of how much elastic potential energy was released from it. Keep a close eye on the ball, and instruct Phlebas to do the same. Steel balls bounce higher than rubber balls. Tiles3. What factors affect the bounce height of a ball? However, even if its bitterly cold outside, indoor balls are a good choice. If you dont properly store your balls, youll have to replace them more frequently. measured the heights. on different types of surfaces, then recorded the height of the bounce. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. Click the "Experiment" button to find out! The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). The energy chain is as follows: Therefore as energy cannot be created or destroyed the energy the ball starts with must be directly proportional to the energy the ball finishes with, at the top of its bounce, and so if the ball starts with more energy it must therefore finish with more. A cold tennis ball bounces lower than a warm one. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. SCIENTIFIC Method Aim & Hypothesis Method Variables Risk Assessment Results Conclusion & discussion In modern tennis, the differences and subtleties of each surface tend to disappear. When the temperature drops, gas molecules in close proximity. Then when it bounces up, it returns to its original shape. Therefore, The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. This will be called the average of the middle three repeats. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. I used a Flexible measuring tape to measure what the height was. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h. Do a larger amount of results; 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm etc. Balls bounce differently on different axes. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. The colder, the lower the ball bounces, and vice versa. The results of the experiment were obtained with a method that ensured that every drop was under similar conditions which ensured a fair test. Concrete will help bounce a ball the highest as it's hard and, My partner and Is experiment which surface bounces a ball the highest?, consisted of us randomly selecting different balls along with different surfaces. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. If you're playing under 68 degrees, it's a good idea to make sure the ball doesn't bounce too much. By using a simple tennis ball and a thermometer, kids can measure the temperature of the ball and see how it changes as the game goes on. By conducting our experiment, we learnt that well-inflated rubber balls bounce the However, there has been no change in the fact that basketballs bounce better when they are inflated more thoroughly. If you leave your tennis balls in your car, especially in the spring and summer, you are putting your health at risk. In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. This is due to an inelasticity in the energy lost when the ball collides with the ground, as well as the fact that the ball bounces every time it is hit. What was the outcome? What do you think this means about your results? quicker and on time before they dropped back down. Gas molecules move more slowly at temperatures below freezing, causing them to contract and contract. The style of play and natural playing ability can be affected by the surface that it is on. If you want to make the ball bounce lower, you can try cooling it down by putting it in the fridge or freezer for a few minutes. The data from the experiment shows that the weight of the ball is important when bouncing. Therefore the results are valid. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Which surface bounces a ball the highest? Equipment/materials used: because a basketball is very well-inflated and hard, which gave it a higher bounce. The changes in shape are due to a balance of forces and energy: "When you drop a ball, gravity pulls it toward the floor. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. The more KE that the ball possessed as it hit the floor, the more that was transferred into elastic potential energy and back into KE. Balls are not round. energy a surface absorbs, the more of it will remain for a ball to bounce. to find out which surface bounces a ball the highest. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. Do five drops on your first surface. There were some trends observed in our Which ball will bounce higher off a hard surface? This is impossible. As the ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion. The ball gains energy of motion, known as kinetic energy. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. Friday - 25/04/14 However when the ball is dropped from a relatively low height, drag 0. Write your measurements down. In the 2018 US Open, the temperature on the court reached a high of more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Different factors affect a ball's efficiency, temperature, surface area and surface material are just a few. This is why it. was blowing in, so that if the balls were blown away, they would come straight to When it hits the ground, the bottom of the ball becomes flat against the floor. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. The felt helps to create spin on the ball when it is hit with a racket. METHOD: 1. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment